Planet NAGA

Earthillio: ask qoh lng po..ano po kahulugan ng wika?

Ryan: pwede po ba mlaman ang varyasyon ng wika at anyo ng varyasyon????? kc ass. nmin now… plssss. pki sagot nman thank po!!!!

Vanch: hey thnx poh dahil d2 nsgtan ko yung assgnmnt ko sa fil ko…. am request aman po….anu ano po yung varyasyon ng anyo ng wika?or varyarti?pls help…. Janbogzzz: ano poh ba ang mga katangian ng wika????..pwede poh bang malaman..homework kasi namin…tnx….

 

Kumusta naman? Risertser at taga-gawa na pala ako ng asaynment ngayon.

Hindi ko makita sa baul yung hand-outs ko nun. Heto, mula pa rin sa revyuwer sa Filipino ni Criselle ng San Pedro Poveda College: 

 

Wika – Ayon kay Gleason, ang wika ay isang masistemang balangkas na sinasalitang tunog na pinili at isinaayos sa paraang arbitraryo upang magamit sa kommunikasyon ng mga taong nabibilang sa isang kultura.

Ang wika ay masistema - May dalawang masistemang balangkas ang wika; ang tunog at kahulugan. Halimbawa ang makabuluhang tunog na /b/, /a/, /t/ ay masistemang magsama-sama na ang ibig sabihin ay sanggol.

Ang wika ay arbitraryo - Ang mga tunog ng sinasabi sa wika ay pinili para sa layunin ng mga gumagamit. Isinaayos ang mga tunog sa paraang pinagkasundan ng grupo ng mga taong gumagamit nito.

Ang wika ay tunog - Maraming mga tunog sa paligid pero hindi lahat ay maituturing na wika dahil ang karamihan ay hindi nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng mga sangkap ng pananlita.

Ang wika ay pantao - Naiiba ang wikang pantao sa wikang panghayop. Ang wika ng tao ay ginagamit kaugnay sa pagsasalin at pag-uugnay ng kultura habang ang wikang panghayop ay ginagamit sa sariling lahat.Ang wika ay para sa komunikasyon - And wika ay daan sa kommunikasyon ng dalawang taong nag-uusap. Ginagamit ang wika upang ipahayag ang kanilang pangangailangan, damdamin at ang kanilang iniisip.

Ang wika ay hindi mahihiwalay sa kultura ng mga taong gumagamit nito - Halimbawa ang salitang Filipino na “po” at “opo”. Sa pagsasabi nito ay nagpapakit na may ugali ang mga Pilipinong pagigng magalang.

 

Sige nga, paano mo isusulat ang "kinopya at ipinost"? Yung madalas mong ginagawa kapag magpa-pass ka ng asaynment mo pero hindi kinuha mo lang sa internet nang hindi binabasa o naiintindihan kung ano iyon! Kin… Kino… Kina.. Kin**** and paste?! Gaya nito: 

According to Ethnologue, a total of 171 native languages are spoken in the country. Except for English, Spanish, Hokkien, Cantonese, Mandarin, and Chabacano, all of the languages belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

There are 12 native languages with at least one million native speakers: Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Waray-Waray, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, Kinaray-a, and Tausug. One or more of these is spoken natively by more than 90% of the population.

Ang klasifikeysyon ng mga etnikong wika sa Pilipinas:

Philippine languages are further divided into a handful of subgroups. The first three groups are considered to be closely related to each other.

Northern Philippine languages such as Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Sambal languages which are concentrated in northern and central Luzon. Some languages in Mindoro such as Iraya and Tadyawan are included in this group. The Yami language (also known as Tao of Orchid Island in Taiwan) is also a member of this group.

Meso Philippine languages are perhaps the group with the most speakers and is the most geographically widespread, covering Central Luzon, the Visayas and many parts of Mindanao. Certain languages spoken in Palawan and Mindoro such as Tagbanwa]], Palawano, and Hanunoo constitute their own respective subgroups. The largest subgroup are the Central Philippine languages which are composed of Tagalog; Bikol language; Visayan languages such as Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Waray-Waray; and Mansakan languages.

Southern Philippine languages such as Maranao, Maguindanao, Manobo languages, and Subanun languages are concentrated in Mindanao. Many Southern Philippine languages have been influenced by Malaysian, Indonesian, Sanskrit, and Arabic words. The final three following groups are thought to be more distantly related to the previous three. Southern Mindanao languages are languages such as Tboli and Blaan which are spoken in southern Mindanao. Sama-Bajaw languages mainly centered in the Sulu Archipelago as well as parts of Borneo. One language, Abaknon, is spoken on Capul Island near Samar, which is far from other Sama languages. Other languages in this group are Yakan and Sama. 

Sulawesi languages has only two representatives in the Philippines, the Sangil and the Sangir languages.

 

Ano naman yung "varyasyon" o varyeysyon, kamo, o "varayti" o varayati, kamo, ng wika? Ayon sa websayt ng Language Variaties iba't ibang varyeysyon ng wika: 1) pidgin, 2) creole, 3) regional dialect, 4) minority dialect at 5) indiginezed variaties.

1) A pidgin is a new language which develops in situations where speakers of different languages need to communicate but don't share a common language. The vocabulary of a pidgin comes mainly from one particular language (called the 'lexifier'). An early 'pre-pidgin' is quite restricted in use and variable in structure. But the later 'stable pidgin' develops its own grammatical rules which are quite different from those of the lexifier.

Once a stable pidgin has emerged, it is generally learned as a second language and used for communication among people who speak different languages. 

Ang Englog/Enggalog ay isang halimbawa nito. Ang Coño English at Swardspeak o Gay Lingo ng mga Pinoy (Pinay?) ay mga uri nito.

2) When children start learning a pidgin as their first language and it becomes the mother tongue of a community, it is called a creole. Like a pidgin, a creole is a distinct language which has taken most of its vocabulary from another language, the lexifier, but has its own unique grammatical rules. Unlike a pidgin, however, a creole is not restricted in use, and is like any other language in its full range of functions.

Ang Chavacano ay isang halimbawa nito. Ang Zamboagueño ang pinaka-malaking creole sa Pilipinas. Ang iba pang Chavacano sa bansa ay ang Caviteño, Ternateño, Ermitaño, Cotabateño at Davaoeño. Maypagkakaiba-iba o varyeysyon ang mga nabanggit.

3) A regional dialect is not a distinct language but a variety of a language spoken in a particular area of a country. Some regional dialects have been given traditional names which mark them out as being significantly different from standard varieties spoken in the same place.

Isang halimbawa ng diyalekto sa Pilipinas ang Tagalog.

The amount of dialectical variation varies from language to language. Tagalog is known to have very moderate dialectal variation. Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangan, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete, and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog.

There appear to be four main dialects of which the aforementioned are a part; Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangan), and Marinduque.

Some example of dialectal differences are:

Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. This has been lost in standard Tagalog. For example standard Tagalog ngayon (now, today), sinigang (stew), gabi (night), matamis (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects.

In Morong Tagalog, [r] is usually preferred over [d]. For example, bundók, dagat, dingdíng, and isdâ become bunrok, ragat, ringring, and isra.

In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect prefix of -um- verbs is na-. For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers since a phrase such as nakain ka ba ng pating is interpreted as "did a shark eat you?" by those from Manila but in reality means "do you eat shark?" to those in the south.

Some dialects have interjections which are a considered a trademark of their region. For example, the interjection ala eh usually identifies someone from Batangas while as does hani in Morong. 

Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon.

Isa ring varayati ng Tagalog ang Taglish at Filipino, ang istandardayzd na diyalekto ng Tagalog. Ang isang istandard na wika (Filipino) ay isang partikyular na varayati ng isang langwij (Tagalog) na binigyan ng legal status (ofisyal langwij). Ang Bulakenyo ay sinasabing ang standard dialect ng Tagalog.

Ang mga diyalekto ng wikang Bikolano:

In the languages of the Bicol Region, however, there is great dialectal variation. There are towns which have their own dialects. Below is the sentence "Were you there at the market for a long time?" translated into certain varieties of Bikol. The translation is followed by the town in Bicol where they are spoken. The final translations are in Tagalog and Ilonggo.

• Haloy ka duman sa saod? (Naga City; standard dialect)

• Naeban ika sadto sa sa-ran? (Iriga City)

• Uban ika adto sa saod? (Libon)

• Huray ka doon sa saod? (Pandan)

• Naegey ika adto sa sa-ran? (Buhi)

• Eley ka idto sa sed? (Oas)

• Dugay ka didto sa palengke? (Ticao)

• Awat ka didto sa plasa? (Gubat)

• Matagal ka doon sa palengke? (Tagalog)

• Nagdugay ka didto sa tyangge? (Ilonggo)

Maririnig rin ang ganito: Haloy ka duman sa market? (Bik-lish)

4) Sometimes members of a particular minority ethnic group have their own variety which they use as a marker of identity, usually alongside a standard variety. This is called a minority dialect. 

Ang halimbawa raw nito ay yun African American Vernacular English sa USA, London Jamaican sa Britain at Aboriginal English sa Australia. Sa Pilipinas, ano kaya ang halimbawa nito? At ang huling uri ng varyeysyon ng wika, ang indiginezed varieties:

5) Indigenized varieties are spoken mainly as second languages in ex-colonies with multilingual populations. The differences from the standard variety may be linked to English proficiency, or may be part of a range of varieties used to express identity.

Ang halimbawa siguro nito ay yung Philippine English na kaiba sa American English at iba pang mga varayati ng English.

Napag-uusapan na rin lang ang wika, idiskas na natin ang national language, official language, medium of instruction at lingua franca.

A national language is a language (or language variant, i.e. dialect) which represents the national identity of a nation or country. A national language is used for political and legal discourse.

An official language is a language that is given a unique legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. It is typically the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, though the law in many nations requires that government documents be produced in other languages as well. Official languages are sometimes not the same as the medium of instruction and so, the two are not interchangeable. Medium of instruction is the language that is used in teaching.

Lingua franca is auxiliary or compromise language used between groups having no other language in common.

Ang Filipino na isang istandardayzd na varayati ng Tagalog ay: ang national language, isa sa mga official language (English ang isa), at nagsisilbing lingua franca sa buong Pilipinas (subalit sa central at south, mas ginagamit bilang lingua franca ang Cebuano kaysa sa Filipino) kasama ang English na medium of instruction sa elementary at highschool.

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